Research Project on Artificial Intelligence and Accounting Objective

This research project seeks to analyze the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on the intellectual activities of professional accountants. It progresses through two interconnected phases, each complementing the other in terms of both analytical depth and methodological approach. This study aims to provide insights beneficial to professionals, academics, and institutional bodies alike.

Phase one: Interaction and current state of AI in accounting

The initial phase of the research focuses on examining the current interaction between AI and accounting. This includes a comprehensive review of existing research, practices, and regulatory frameworks. Special emphasis is placed on issues related to the protection and control of data, which are critical for the effective deployment of AI technologies in accounting. The outcomes from this phase will establish a state-of-the-art understanding that maps both observed and anticipated impacts of AI across the accounting sector. Furthermore, an exploration of the extent and quality of AI integration in the professional activities of accountants will be conducted. Notably, a prior study on the social representations held by French Chartered Accountants (CAs) has revealed a significant, yet primarily automation and profitability-focused, understanding of AI. This finding not only fuels an intriguing discussion but also raises concerns about the potential vulnerabilities of CAs in the face of advancing AI technologies.

Phase two: AI and interpretation of international accounting standards

The second phase investigates the capability of AI to contextually interpret international accounting standards. Although there is a prevailing professional discourse suggesting that AI cannot replace the nuanced skills required for daily judgment calls among various standard-driven options—especially in principle-based frameworks like IFRS—this segment of the research will experimentally test the validity and utility of generative AI in interpreting and applying complex accounting standards. A meticulously designed five-phase protocol will assess AI’s contribution to the nuanced comprehension and application of these standards, considering diverse global contexts and requirements.

Summary and Implications

This research aims to deliver a thorough understanding of the dynamics between AI and accounting, elucidating the perspectives of accounting professionals and the capabilities of generative AI in standards application. The findings will inform discussions on the future direction of accounting practices, professional development, and the positioning of accountants within the industry. Additionally, this study underscores the necessity for comprehensive consideration that encompasses academic perspectives, professional practices, and regulatory implications related to AI in the accounting realm.

This project is led by Sami EL OMARI, Associate professor in the Accounting, Auditing & Control laboratory at TBS Education, with Wafa KHLIF, full professor in the same laboratory, in partnership with Mohamed Taieb Hamadi, Assistant professor at the University of Caen in France.

This project is funded by the French Accounting Standards Authority (ANC).